The Elizabethan Sea-dogs
<p>John Hawkins.&mdash;Among those interested in the African trade was William Hawkins, who filled the important positions of mayor of Plymouth and member of parliament. He made three voyages to Guiana and Brazil. His son, John Hawkins, became one of ... The Establishment Of The Viceroyalty Of New Spain
<p>Cort&eacute;s as administrator.&mdash;Cort&eacute;s was not a mere conqueror. He appointed officers, and issued general ordinances affecting nearly all lines of activity. Encomenderos were required to equip themselves for defense and to promote agr... The Expansion Of Texas
<p>Rivera's inspection of the frontiers.&mdash;In the years 1724-1728 a general inspection of the frontier defences of New Spain was made by Pedro de Rivera, ex-governor of the province of Tlascala. His remarkable journey of 3082 leagues began at the ... The Far Northwest
<p>The Fox wars.&mdash;By the end of the seventeenth century Fox hostilities had practically closed the Fox-Wisconsin trade route to the Mississippi. Hostility was increased by the massacre of many Fox Indians at Detroit in 1712. In 1715 De Lignery le... The First Continental Congress
<p>Call for a congress.&mdash;On May 10 a copy of the Port Act was received in Boston. On the twelfth the committee of correspondence met with eight neighboring committees and recommended non-intercourse with Great Britain. The other colonies were ask... The First Reorganization Of William Iii
<p>The system as William found it.&mdash;When William III ascended the throne, the later Stuart colonial system had not been perfected. It had been characterized by the principles that the authority of the crown should be strengthened at the expense o... The Founding Of Alta California
<p>The Portol&aacute; expedition.&mdash;While settling affairs in the Peninsula G&aacute;lvez organized the expedition. It was designed to establish garrisons at San Diego and Monterey, and to plant missions, under their protection, to convert and sub... The Founding Of Georgia
<p>The debatable land.&mdash;In the great triangle formed by the Carolinas, Florida, and southeastern Louisiana, English, Spanish, and French came into close proximity. The international boundaries had never been satisfactorily defined and each power ... The Founding Of Louisiana
<p>Applicants for La Salle's grant.&mdash;During the War of the Palatinate Louis XIV showed little desire to develop La Salle's plan for a colony on the Gulf. In the interim, however, a number of individuals proposed taking up La Salle's work. In 1690... The Founding Of Maryland
<p>Calvert's attempted settlement in Newfoundland.&mdash;The northern end of Chesapeake Bay was soon occupied by a rival tobacco colony, the proprietary province of Lord Baltimore. In 1609 George Calvert became a stockholder of the Virginia Company, a... The Founding Of New Mexico
<p>Renewed exploration of New Mexico.&mdash;The expansion of Nueva Vizcaya and renewed activities on the Pacific coast in the later sixteenth century stimulated a new advance into New Mexico. Coronado's expedition had proved disappointing, and for fou... The Founding Of Texas
<p>The Coahuila frontier.&mdash;In 1693 eastern Texas, after a temporary occupation, had been abandoned, and the frontier fell back to Coahuila. In the course of the next decade, however, it was gradually extended until it crossed the Rio Grande. A mo... The Founding Of Virginia
<p>Opposition of the Early Stuarts to Spain.&mdash;The settled policy of Spain was to maintain a territorial and commercial monopoly in all the lands west of the line of the treaty of Tordesillas. During the reign of Elizabeth, the mariners of England... The Franco-spanish Border
<p>The Texas-Louisiana boundary question.&mdash;The proximity of Los Adaes and Natchitoches had furnished numerous grounds for irritation between Texas and Louisiana. French traders engaged in contraband trade, and the international boundary was uncer... The French Alliance
<p>The French motives.&mdash;On February 6, 1778, France entered into an alliance with the United States. That event changed the war from a struggle between England and her former colonies to an international contest in which Spain and Holland were so...

Hudson's Bay Company The West Indies The Massachusetts Bay Colony The Mines Of Northern Mexico The Founding Of Alta California The Conquest Of The Valley Of Mexico Spain During The Conquest The Settlement Of The Atlantic Seaboard

The Struggle With The English On The Carolina Border The Occupation Of The Floridas Trans-alleghany Settlement Beginning Of Organized Resistance The Trans-mississippi West The War Of The English Succession Western Trade And Exploration The Struggle With Rivals In The West Indies