Reciprocity

Efforts were made from time to time by Canada, between

the years 1847 and 1854, to secure the free admission of goods between

Canada and the United States, but without success until the latter year,

when Lord Elgin negotiated a treaty. It came into force in 1855, and was

abrogated in 1866, at the instance of the United States. The renewal of

the treaty was urged by Canada in 1866, 1869, 1871, 1874, 1879, 1887,

1892, an 1896, but in every instance the American authorities failed to

respond. =Index=: (George Brown Era) Advocated by Elgin, 37; the treaty and its

abrogation, 148; George Brown's interest in, 192; Lincoln believed to be

favourable to, 192; Brown urges action, but nothing done, 192-193;

confederate council on, authorized, 192; Galt and Howland at Washington,

193; reciprocal legislation suggested by Seward, 193; Galt outlines

scheme, 193; Brown objects to terms and plan of reciprocal legislation

as against interests of Canada, 194; Brown's resentment at being set

aside in the formation of the confederate council, and his objection to

reciprocal legislation, lead to his resignation, 195; his attitude

towards proposed renewal of treaty of 1854, 223-224; failure of

negotiations of 1866, 224; changing attitude in Canada on subject,

224-225; Canadian offers of 1869 and 1871 rejected, 225; the Brown

treaty of 1874--history of the negotiations, 225-233; a treaty suggested

by Mr. Rothery as compensation for fisheries, 226; Brown sent on mission

to Washington, 226; joint plenipotentiary with Sir Edward Thornton for

negotiation of treaty, 226; terms of the proposed treaty, 227-228; Brown

corrects American ignorance as to balance of trade under old treaty,

228-230; and carries on active propaganda in American newspapers, 230;

treaty rejected by the United States Senate, 231; objections urged

against treaty in Canada, 231-232. (Baldwin / La Fontaine / Hincks era) Advocated by Hincks, 1849, 302;

movement for, with United States and Maritime Provinces, 338. (Joseph Howe era)

Halifax Convention, 1849, affirms principle of reciprocity with United

States, 115-116. (Lord Elgin era) Treaty urged by Elgin, 82; supported by La

Fontaine-Baldwin government, 101; Elgin negotiates treaty, 124; ratified

by MacNab-Morin government, 142; history of the treaty, 196-202. (Sir John A Macdonald era)

Treaty negotiated by Elgin in 1854, 45, 98; speech by Howe in 1865,

favouring renewal of, 99; ended in 1866, 166, 215-216. (Tilley era) Discussed in

New Brunswick Assembly, 28; treaty arranged, 29; ratified in New

Brunswick, 30; bill passed, 33. See also Elgin; Unrestricted

Reciprocity; Commercial Union; Zollverein. =Bib.=: Derby, Report upon

the Treaty of Reciprocity; Griffin, The Provinces and the States;

Howe, The Reciprocity Treaty; Haliburton, American Protection and

Canadian Reciprocity.