Mackenzie William Lyon 1795-1861 William Lyon Mackenzie Era His Personality Goldwin

Smith on, 3; Dr. Harrison on, 4; W. J. Rattray on, 5, 6; first to

enunciate principle of responsible government, 5; "a man ahead of his

time," 6; his loyalty, 10; not an annexationist, 11; constitutional

reformer, 12; parentage and ancestry, 34-36; defends himself from

charges of disloyalty, 36-38; books read by him from 1806 to 1809, 40,

41; enters commerce, 41, 42; goes to Canada, 43; physical description

of, 43; joi s survey of Lachine Canal, 44; enters business with John

Lesslie, 44; moves to Queenston, 44; marries, 45; declares war on

Constitutional Act, 72; starts Colonial Advocate, 85; describes Upper

Canada in 1820, 85-87; warns Canadians against union with United States,

87, 97; attitude on Clergy Reserves, 94; advocates provincial

university, 95; reforms advocated by, which have come into effect, 97,

98; defends himself against disloyalty charge, 98-101; advocates

federation of all North American colonies, 104, 105; moves to York, 106;

pictures life of editors, 111; assists to bring about a party

revolution, 112; mob destroys Colonial Advocate, 113; Macaulay offers

damages, 115; personal attacks, 117-120; Macaulay's treatment of,

121-123; retaliates, 124, 125; answers Macaulay's pamphlet, 126; gets

L625 damages, 129; refuses to prosecute criminally, 129; indicted for

libel, 130; prosecution abandoned, 135; friendship of Robert Randal,

138; secures Randal's mission to England, 139; advocates responsible

government, 146, 148; elected for York, 150; moves committal of Allan

MacNab, 152; chairman of committee on post-office, 153; chairman of

committee on privileges of House, 154; carries many motions and

addresses, 154; introduces Thirty-two Resolutions, 155; opinions stated,

156; visits New York, 157; letter in National Gazette, 158; supports

Robert Baldwin, 159; chairman of committee on banking, 161, 162; moves

Libel Bill, 162, 163; letters to Sir John Colborne, 164; advocates

responsible government, 166, 167; appeal to the people of Upper Canada,

168; re-elected for York, 169; banks oppose, 170; gets committee on

state of representation, 171; committee reports, 175; he prints journals

of House, 172; accused of printing libel on House, 175; arouses Upper

Canada, 176, 177; visits Quebec, 178; first expulsion from Assembly,

181-201; libel complained of, 182, 183; his speech in his defence, 185;

House refuses committee of inquiry, 201; petitions to the governor, 203;

governor's answer, 203; backed up by the people, 204; again elected,

205; presented by constituents with gold medal, 205; second expulsion

moved, 207; defends himself, 209; expelled a second time, 209; appeals

to electors, 210-213; again elected, 215; attempt to assassinate, 219;

Colonial Advocate office again attacked, 221; his mission to England,

221; estimate of Earl Grey, 221; his friendship with Joseph Hume, 222;

introduces George Ryerson to Lord Goderich, 223; offered management of

post-office department, 225; prepares statement for minister, 226; reply

to Lord Goderich, 227; concessions obtained, 227-230; third expulsion,

232, 242; secures dismissal of Boulton and Hagerman, 232; scheme of

post-office reform, 236; asks control of post-office revenue for

Canadians, 236; obtains veto of Bank Charter Acts, 237; introduces

Egerton Ryerson to colonial office, 238; publishes Sketches of Canada

and the United States, 238; visits Scotland, 239; pays old creditors,

239; refuses banquets in Montreal and Quebec, 240; left to pay his own

expenses, 240; unanimously re-elected for the third time, 242; not

permitted to take oath, 242; new election ordered, 244; unanimously

re-elected for the fourth time, 244; ejected from the House, 245;

governor orders that he be allowed to take oath, 248; takes the oath,

251; again ejected from the House, 252; first mayor of Toronto, 255;

designs city arms, 256; helps cholera patients, 256; takes cholera, 257;

defeated for second mayoralty term, 257; forms Canadian Alliance

Society, 258; retires from journalism, 259; estimate of, as a

journalist, 260; again elected for York, 261; obtains select "Committee

on Grievances," 263; obtains committee on Welland canal, 264; appointed

director, 264; anticipates official report of canal committee, 265; sued

for libel, 265; report of "Committee on Grievances," 270; urges

responsible government, 279; visits Quebec, 287; meets Papineau, 288;

opposes British restraint on trade, 292; anticipates Reciprocity Treaty,

292; defeated for the House, 308; claims the election was unfair,

309-314; insulted by Tory press, 317; his replies, 318; visits New York,

320; begins the Constitution, 320; "Declaration of Independence" of

Upper Canada, 329, 330; meetings at Doel's brewery, 330-332; becomes

agent of convention committee, 332; addresses nearly two hundred public

meetings, 333-338; advises run on Bank of Upper Canada, 340; second

meeting at Doel's brewery, 346; urges seizing arms and proclaiming

provisional government, 349; drafts constitution, 355; organizes

Rebellion, 359; warrant issued for his arrest, 360; tries to correct

Rolph's mistake, 361; his advice disregarded, 362; sets out for the

city, 363; again proposes to march on the city, 366; meets Head's flag

of truce, 367, 368; urges Lount to march into the city, 371; skirmish at

Montgomery's tavern, 379; ransom offered for, 380; account of his

escape, 381 et seq.; addresses Buffalo audience, 411; meets Van

Rensselaer, 412; Head seeks his extradition, 414; occupies Navy Island,

415; president of provisional government, 416; arrested at Buffalo, 424;

threats of assassination, 428; abandons Van Rensselaer, 430; visits New

York and Philadelphia, 433; begins Mackenzie's Gazette, 433; no

connection with later frontier movements, 439, 444, 446; moves to

Rochester, 448; forms association of Canadian refugees, 448; tried for

breach of neutrality laws, 452; found guilty, 454; his sentence, 454;

rigorous treatment in gaol, 455-458; released, 459; publishes Caroline

Almanac, 459; his exchange attempted, 463; attempts to kidnap him, 464;

publishes Volunteer, 467; moves to New York, 468; appointed to

Mechanics' Institute, 468; publishes Lives of one Thousand Remarkable

Irishmen, 469; publishes the Examiner, 470; appointed to New York

customs house, 470; publishes Lives of Butler and Hoyt, in 1845, 471;

and Life and Times of Martin Van Buren, 1846, 472; goes on Tribune,

472; Hume's letter to, 475; writes to Earl Grey, 479; amnestied, 480;

visits Toronto, 481; brings family back, 486; elected for Haldimand,

486; his relations with George Brown, 487; his work in Parliament, 492;

again elected for Haldimand, 497; resigns, 498; later parliamentary

life, 500; love of his children, 504; Buchanan's proffered friendship,

504; Robert Hay's generosity, 505; offered office, 505; publishes

Mackenzie's Message, 505; friends purchase homestead for, 505;

financial difficulties, 506; declining health, 506; death of, Aug. 28,

1861, 507; funeral, 507, 508; one of the founders of St. Andrew's

Church, 507; tributes of the press, 509-523. (Sir John A Macdonald era) Leads Rebellion of

1837 in Upper Canada, 7; supports Brown in his quarrel with Macdonald,

81. (Egerton Ryerson era) Views on relation of church and state in 1824, 45; his work for

popular government, 66; his policy, 111; his "Seventh Report on

Grievances," 112; opposes separate schools, 224. (George Brown Era) His return to

Canada, 36; burnt in effigy at Toronto, 36; defeats George Brown in

Haldimand, 40, 44, 46; his resolution for abolition of Court of

Chancery, 47. (Baldwin / La Fontaine / Hincks era) His parentage, 12; early days in Canada, 12, 13; in

politics, 13-16, 26, 27, 33; aids Baldwin to secure seat in Legislature,

31; organizes revolutionary clubs, etc., 43; his proposed constitution

for Upper Canada, 43; plans attack on Toronto by rebels, 43; described

as a "mountebank," 120; his correspondence with Hume and Roebuck, 229;

founds Canadian Alliance Association, 1834, 229; returns to Canada, 312,

318, 319; one of the leaders of the new Radicalism, 340-341; brings in

motion to abolish Court of Chancery, 352. (Lord Sydenham era) Reform party falsely

identified with his proceedings, 85, 138. (Lord Elgin era) And the Rebellion of 1837,

17; leads Radical wing of Liberal party, in Upper Canada, 21, 22; and

parliamentary government, 51; and MacNab, 75, 76; returns from his

exile, 91; causes of his failure as a political leader, 91-93; proposes

abolition of Court of Chancery, 103, 112; defeats George Brown, 113;

attacks the government, 127; aftermath of the Rebellion, 190. (Louis Joseph Papineau era) His

correspondence with Papineau, 189. (Joseph Howe era) Effect of his action in Upper

Canada, upon popular party, in Nova Scotia, 49. =Bib.=: Works: Life and

Times of Martin Van Buren; Life and Opinions of B. F. Butler;

Sketches of Canada and the United States. For biog., see Morgan,

Cel. Can.; Lindsey, Life and Times of W. L. McKenzie; Dent, Can.

Por., Upper Canadian Rebellion, and Last Forty Years; King, Other

Side of the Story; Read, Rebellion of 1837. See also Rebellion of

1837 (Upper Canada.)