Mackenzie Sir Alexander 1755-1820 John Graves Simcoe Era Visits Simcoe 188

recommends establishment of two trading-posts on Pacific coast, 189.

(Mackenzie / Selkirk / Simpson era) Joins North West Company, 7; opposes Selkirk's plans, 7, 146, 151,

159, 167; his death, 8; born 1763 at Stornoway, Island of Lewis,

Scotland, 10; parentage, 10; education, 10; emigrates to Canada, 1779,

10; enters fur trade and joins opposition to McTavish, 10, 11; his

keenness and daring, 11; leads trading expedition to Detroit 11; at

Grand Portage, 1785, 12; becomes a bourgeois, 12; assigned to English

River department, 14; friendly relations with officers of rival North

West Company, 15; goes to Athabaska, 17; his administrative ability, 17,

18; plans for expansion, 18; sends Leroux to build post on Great Slave

Lake, 18; and Boyer to build one on Peace River, 19; describes life of

fur trader, 22; his ambitious designs for discovery, 22; unpopular with

McTavish, 23; hears of a great river in the north, 31; preparation for

his journey, 32; his narrative, 32; his party, 33; sets out June 3,

1789, from Fort Chipewyan, 33; reaches Great Slave Lake, 35; meets

Yellow Knife Indians, 36; enters Mackenzie River, 37; meets Slave and

Dog-Rib Indians, 28; their account of the river, 38; passes mouth of

Great Bear River, 28, 47; meets Hare Indians, 39; and Quarrellers, 39;

enters the delta, 39; lands on Whale Island, at mouth of the river, 40;

erects post with inscription, 40; uncertainty as to his having reached

the sea, 43, 61; the return journey, 43; coal seam on fire, 47;

difficulties with "English Chief," 45, 46, 48; returns to Great Slave

Lake, 48; meets Leroux, 48-49; reaches Chipewyan, Sept. 12, 1789, 50;

results of the journey, 50-51; establishes existence and course of

Yukon, 50-51; his treatment of natives, 51; his account of fauna, 51;

his character, 51-52, 59; winters at Chipewyan, 53; unfriendliness of

partners of Company, 53; his project for a journey to the West, 53; goes

down to Grand Portage, 53; cool reception there, 54; returns to

Chipewyan, 54; his letters, 54; meets Philip Turner, 57; his share in

North West Company, 58; goes to England to acquire instruction and

instruments for his second journey, 59; returns to Athabaska, 61;

preparations for journey to the Pacific, 61; sends men to Peace River to

cut timber for a post, 61; leaves Chipewyan, Oct. 10, 1792, 61; ascends

Peace River, passes the falls and Boyer's "Old Establishment," and

reaches Finlay's fort, 62; his method of dealing with the Indians,

62-63; winters at the forks, 63-65; Chinook winds, 65; sets out for the

mountains and beyond, 66; members of his party, 67; a man of heroic

mould, 68; leaves Finlay's fort, May 9, 1793, 69; describes Peace River,

69; difficulties in crossing the mountains, 70, 72; meets strange

Indians, 74; ascends the Parsnip River, 75; reaches its source, 75;

descends the Fraser, 77; retraces his steps, and travels overland to the

sea, 79-85; describes visit to the Coast Indians, 83; natives refer to

Vancouver's party, 85; reaches coast and paints record of his journey on

a rock, 86; the return journey, 86; trouble with the natives, 87;

reaches Peace River, 88; reaches Finlay's fort, 89; and Chipewyan, 89;

leaves the West, 89; increased reputation among partners of North West

Company, 92; withdraws from Company and sails for England, 93; publishes

his book, 94; King Bernadotte of Sweden's tribute to explorer, 95;

Napoleon has his Voyages translated into French, 96, 97; friendship of

duke of Kent, 98; receives knighthood, 98; becomes head of X Y Company,

99; elected to Legislature of Lower Canada, 100; returns to Scotland,

1808, 100; opposes Selkirk's scheme, 100; his marriage, 101; his family,

101; his death, March 12, 1820, 102; compared with Selkirk, 209. (Sir James Douglas era) His

expeditions to the Arctic and Pacific, 51; his personality, 52;

parentage, 52; arrival in Canada, 53; enters fur trade, 53; in command

of Fort Chipewyan, 53; his desire to rival Samuel Hearne, 53; sets out

from Chipewyan in 1789 to explore Mackenzie River, 53; river named after

him, 53; proves futility of search for North-West Passage, 53; visits

England and, prepares himself for further discoveries, 53; returns to

the West, and leaves Chipewyan, Oct. 10, 1792, for the Pacific, 53;

ascends Peace River and crosses the mountains, 54; reaches Tacouche

Tesse (Fraser), which he supposes to be the Oregon (Columbia), 54;

difficulties and dangers of the journey, 54-55; his printed narrative

translated into French for Napoleon, 55; his burial-place, 55; his wife,

55; the legend he printed on a rock on the shores of the Pacific, 56;

results of his journey, 56. =Bib.=: Voyages from Montreal through the

Continent of North America, 1789 and 1793, London, 1801; trans, into

French, Paris, 1802. See also his letters, in Roderick McKenzie's

Reminiscences (Masson, Bourgeois du Nord-Ouest). For biog., see

Willson, The Great Company; Bryce, Hudson's Bay Company; Burpee,

Search for the Western Sea; Laut, Conquest of the Great North-West.